A Comparison of Piagetian and Psychometric Assessments of Intelligence
Young Hee Wang
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the investigation of theoretical and empirical relationships between Piagetian and psychometric assessments of intelligence. Specifically, the factor structure of Piagetian-type scales, the relationship between Piagetian scales and psychometric intelligence tests, and differences in the factor structure of Piagetian and psychometric assessments of intelligence were studied. The subjects of this study were 70 children (35 boys and 35 girls) in the 1st grade of an elementary school in Seoul The Piagetian-type scales and the K-WISC were administered individually, and the General Intelligence Test was administered to groups of children. Statistical analysis of the obtained data consisted of the SPSS Computer program including factor analysis and Pearson`s product moment correlation coefficient. The Piagetian-type scales were found to consist of three factors, which accounted for 55 percent of tire total common-factor variance. Factor-I was a factor indicating "conservation". Factor-II was a factor indicating "moral judgements." Factor-III was a factor indicating "classification and identity". Correlations between subtests of psychometric tests and Piagetian scales were relatively low or moderate. Relations between IQs assessed by the psychometric tests and Piagetian scales were also relatively low or moderate. Eight factors were extracted from the joint factor analysis of psychometric intelligence tests and Piagetian scales, and they accounted for 67 percent of the total common-factor variance. Factors- I, II, III, and V consisted of subtests of psychometric assessments, and Factors-IV, VI, VII and VIII were composed of Piagetian scales. Factor-I was a factor for "reasoning ability based upon language". Factor-II was a factor for "performance ability". Factor-III was a factor for "grouping ability". Factor-IV was a factor for "conservation". Factor-V was a factor indicating "symbol and language usage ability". Factor-VI was a factor indicating "moral judgments". Factor-VII was a factor indicating "length conservation". Factor-VIII was a factor indicating "classification and identity".
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